History

The first mention of Tshaltubo belong to the VII century. XII-XIII centuries already mentioned as a therapeutic point. The first mention in the publications "Berlin Society of Nature" in 1782. In 1787, the Russian academician P. Pallas processed and published in German "Itineraries" I. Gyuldenshteyna of Tskhaltubo. In 1809, with the German translated into Russian "Itineraries" I. Gyuldenshteyna, after which appear in Russian literature notes about mineral waters Tshaltubo. In 1815, the famous scientist Von Klaport in Berlin publishes work on Tskaltubo and properties of its mineral waters. In 1898, Mr. Struve after the chemical analysis of the sources of mineral water has ranked her indifferent to the sources.In 1920, the sources come under state control and receive function spa resort. Development of the resort began in 1926. In 1931-32 years conducted extensive research and hydrogeological studies.

Another development project in 1936 was presented by architect N.Severovym. In 1939 Tskhaltubo area was separated from the municipality of Kutaisi, was founded as a result of Tskhaltubo district with its center in Tskhaltubo. In 1950-51 was developed master plan (architects: I. Zaalishvili, V. Kedia) on which Tshaltubo was divided in spa, sanitary and living area.

During the development were built 19 and resorts ("Megobroba" ["Friendship"] 1937-40 year, architect. Lentovsky; "Tbilisi", 1951, Arch. Oltarzhevsky, B. Sobolewski; "Imereti" in 1961, architect . V. Alexi-Meskhishvili, L. Dzhanelidze), 9 complexes with therapeutic baths, spa park, a subsidiary of Research Institute of balneology and physiotherapy.

Natural conditions

Located on the eastern edge of hilly Colchis lowland , in the valley Tshaltubo, a tributary of the River Gubistskali (right tributary of the Rioni ). From the north-east of the city adjacent spurs Samguralskogo Ridge Greater Caucasus . The surrounding hills are covered with deciduous forests ( oak , beech , hornbeam ) with evergreen shrubs in the undergrowth. In the spa park features about 100 species of subtropical flora. In addition, many plants Tshaltubo area (mainly fruit and ornamental plants, as well as pine).

The climate is subtropical humid. Winters are very mild, snowless; the average January temperature +5 C °. Summer is very warm, sunny, moderately humid; the average August temperature +24 C °. With the predominance of warm humid winds from the Black Sea sometimes set the so-called wet tropical weather (usually in August); when easterly winds type fёnov , on the contrary, there is a very hot and very dry weather. Autumn long, warm and sunny. 1700 mm of precipitation per year, mostly in the form of rainfall in April and October. The number of hours of sunshine per year over 2000. The strongest winds (western and eastern) blow in spring and winter.

The total water flow rate up to 220 l / sec. Water: nitrogen, hot (34-35 ° C), slaboradonovye (from 2 to 22 units. Mahe), sulfate-bicarbonate-calcium-magnesium chloride acidic (pH 7,2); There is also a silica, organic matter, micronutrients. Water sources used for baths, irrigation and inhalation. Treatment of diseases of the circulatory system, locomotor, gynecological, nervous system. Resorts bathrooms building with swimming pools, guest houses. Branch Research Institute of Balneology and Physiotherapy Ministry of Health of the Georgian SSR.

Resort

The main natural healing factor Tskhaltubo waters - unique in its physical and chemical properties [ citation needed 700 days ] thermal (33-35 degrees) radon mineral waters . Tskhaltubo mineral water cures the following diseases: limbs, peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular, dermatological, metabolic, endocrine, gynecological, rheumatic fever, polio, cerebral palsy. Also healing are karst caves with their microclimate have a positive effect on patients with bronchial asthma, angina, hypertension, neurosis and chronic pneumonia. The course of treatment for 3-4 weeks

Infrastructure

The first draft plan of the resort is made in 1932-40 (architect NP North). General Plan 1950-51 (architects I. ZaalishviliKedia and B) provided a ring-shaped floor plan. Split a large spa park, built large sanatorium "Friendship", 1937-40 (architect SM Lentovsky), "Tbilisi", 1951 (architects VK Oltarzhevsky, BA Sobolewski), "Miner", 1951 (architects M. Melech, G. Khimshiashvili) "Metallurg", 1957 (architects V. Kedia, IM Solovyov), "Imereti", 1961 (architects V. Meskhishvili, L. Dzhanelidze), "Geologist", 1976 (architects V. Kedia, F. Kufarashvili), etc .; Bathrooms buildings, hotels, apartment houses.

Before the collapse of the USSR in Tshaltubo worked several plants / factories and so on. D. Ply direct express train Moscow - Tshaltubo.